Wednesday, January 23, 2013

Medieval Backgammon - Todas Tablas

All hail Alfonso X el Sabio!  Because the King of Castille took an interest in games we have a record of the three big games of his day: Chess, Dice, and Tables.  In the case of Tables we're talking about backgammon and the many variants thereof.  And what we find is that one variant, Todas Tablas, was virtually identical to the modern game of backgammon.  I say virtually because they didn't use a doubling cube and there appears to be an error in the illustration accompanying the description of the game.  The description is pretty much modern backgammon.  The illustration appears to have the positions of the black and white pieces partially incorrect.

Figure 1 - Todas Tablas

Here you see the players set for a game of Todas Tablas.  Note the white/yellow pieces are all on one side and the black/brown pieces are all on the other side.  In modern backgammon the pieces should be staggered and that's how the text describing the game places them.

Figure 2 - Modern Backgammon

While it's possible the illustration is showing a variation on the game, that's unlikely.  But a player in the 14th Century (or later) having seen the book, might be forgiven for thinking the illustration shows an alternate starting position.  It changes the dynamic of the game and, for that alone, the medieval man would likely have been grateful.

The rules for Todas Tablas, less the doubling cube, are identical to modern backgammon.  It is referenced throughout the middle ages.  The English called it Irish (I'm not sure I want to understand that).  The French called it Touts Tables or Tric Trac.  For 14th Century Spain this game would be perfectly ok.

Translation in progress.  The fun of translating:  I need a larger sample to confirm that I'm translating this correctly so I need to translate the five or six entries prior to this one.  I find this both fun and frustrating.  I think that says something about my character.
The text describing the game of Todas Tablas:

Este iuego llaman todas tablas.
Otro iuego a y que llaman todas tablas porque se entabla derramadamientre en todas las
quatro quadras del tablero E en las dos quadras que son derecho la una de la otra; ponen en
la una en el seys cinco tablas de una color. & dessa misma ponen dos al as en la otra
quadra que esta en derecho della & en misma quadra contralla ponen otrossi las tablas
como en esta que auemos dicha. E en las otras dos quadras que son cabo dessas en la casa
dell as ponen cinco tablas de la color que pusieron las otras cinco en la casa del seys. E en
las del cinco ponen tres tablas en cadauna dessas colores. E iueganse {CB2} assi. el que
ouiere la mano iogara a qual parte quisiere trayendo dos tablas dell as contra la casa del
seys o tienen las cinco tablas. Pero si algunas tablas se tomaren; anlas de tornar a la quadra
do estan las dos tablas en ell as. E dalli leuarlas a la quadra do estan las cinco tablas en la
casa del seys. & dende leuarlas. E este iuego se iuega con dos dados.


This game is called all tables.
Another game and it is called all tables because _____ in all four quadrants of the table.  In the two quadrants in which one is to the right of the other put on the six [using a standard numbering system] of the quadrant on the right  five pieces of one color.  And in the other quadrant put two on the ace [one] of the other quadrant which is on the right....
And play like this....

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